Pentecostals are known for a triumphalistic theology. Since we believe that Jesus can save, heal, and sanctify, we expect to live a saved, healed, and sanctified life. But what do pentecostals do with trauma? Dale Scott Sanger argues that pentecostals have serious theological reflection to do in this area and that Luther’s theology of the cross (theologia crucis) can help.

To explore this topic, Sanger completed a phenomenological research study that explores the experience of trauma in pentecostal clergy. The results of this study are the greatest strength of Sanger’s work. He weaves the testimony of his research participants throughout his study in ways that bring the topic to life.

Empirical data in hand, Sanger proceeds to reflect theologically on the experiences described. He agrees with David Courey that pentecostal triumphalism can be addressed when our theological vision is bolstered with Martin Luther’s theology of the cross, in contrast with a theology of glory.

For practical theology to be practical, there must be some suggestion for revised praxis. Sanger argues that the practice of lament is a helpful solution. He offers a “lament worksheet” (139) that people can use to pray through their experience with the Psalmist. Given that the majority of the Psalms are laments, this is a particularly faithful use of scripture.

When Ministry Hurts articulates an issue that lies at the heart of pentecostal pastoring. I agree that Luther’s theology of the cross is a needed corrective—but I still have questions. Is Christian triumphalism uniquely pentecostal or is it part of a broader Western expression of therapeutic religiosity? If Luther’s the answer, is there empirical evidence that Lutheran clergy handle trauma better than others? Is there any evidence that learning to lament with the Psalmist will lead to better outcomes? I suppose there are always further areas to study.

Sanger, Dale Scott. When Ministry Hurts: Triumphalism and the Crisis of Trauma among Clergy. Wipf & Stock, 2024.