The quote leaves me scratching my head a bit this morning. Maybe I need another cup of coffee…

The Oxford dictionary defines ontology as the branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature of being. So to rephrase Muindi, the Biblical accounts should cause us to recognize the Spirit by the sense of God’s presence as if it were an external entity.

Then the author inserts an “or” rather than an “and”, as if to say, in other words it can also be viewed as.

But if I understand immanence correctly, then God is an internal presence of an essential reality that pervades all things at all times.

I can understand how the first statement applies to non-believers, but I would think both statements would apply to the believer.

Any thoughts?